Strings and allocations
By WWII, scientists had already begun looking at alternative gelling substances for routine use in bacteriology, but concluded that agar was still better as it is both firmer and easier to handle. Today, some specialized microbiology applications use the colloid carrageenan (extracted from red seaweed Chondrus crispus, or “Irish Moss”), a more transparent and less auto-fluorescent alternative to agar (agar emits its own background fluorescence when excited by light). However, for routine bacteriological use, carrageenan is more difficult to dissolve, requires higher concentrations, can degrade at high temperatures, and forms weaker gels, which may result in puncturing its surface during the plating of cells.
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Amid such rising demand, it’s understandable that researchers worried when Morocco reduced exports of agarophytes in 2015. This shortage — due to a combination of overharvesting, climate warming, and an economic shift to internal manufacturing in the North African country — not only caused alarm but a three-fold price increase of wholesale bacteriological agar, which reached $35-45 per kilogram. (At the time of writing this in late 2025, factory agar prices are sitting at about $30 per kilogram, according to Cobos.)
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The new contract is set to run for five years and is estimated at £27m, far more than the value of the contract awarded to Crawford in 2021, but still significantly less than the amount paid to it over the course of its agreement.